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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">JVM-调优</h1>
        

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        <h2 id="JVM调优"><a href="#JVM调优" class="headerlink" title="JVM调优"></a>JVM调优</h2><h3 id="一、JVM参数配置"><a href="#一、JVM参数配置" class="headerlink" title="一、JVM参数配置"></a>一、JVM参数配置</h3><div align=center><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2018120320461094.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDMyMTY3Mg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" width="600"/></div>

<div align=center>JVM内存模型</div>


<ul>
<li><strong>方法区</strong>：主要用来存放Class对象、常量。。。所以不会很占空间</li>
<li><strong>堆</strong>：涉及到对象频繁的创建与销毁，因此分为了新生代和老年代<ul>
<li>新生代：采用复制算法，一般From Survivor：To Survivor：Eden = 1:1:8</li>
<li>老年代：新生代/老年代=3/8</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>程序计数器</strong>：不会占很大空间，不需要关注</li>
<li><strong>方法栈（虚拟机栈和本地方法栈）</strong>：主要是栈的深度占空间，而且一旦栈大了，那么可分配的线程数就会减少</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="1、堆设置"><a href="#1、堆设置" class="headerlink" title="1、堆设置"></a>1、堆设置</h4><ul>
<li>-Xms:初始堆大小  </li>
<li>-Xmx:最大堆大小<br>【一般-Xms和-Xmx设置相同，同时如果非Java程序较少，可尽量接近OS的实际内存】 </li>
<li>-XX:NewSize=n:设置年轻代大小  </li>
<li>-XX:NewRatio=n:设置年轻代和年老代的比值。如:为3，表示年轻代与年老代比值为1：3，年轻代占整个年轻代年老代和的1/4  </li>
<li>-XX:SurvivorRatio=n:年轻代中Eden区与两个Survivor区的比值。注意Survivor区有两个。如：3，表示Eden：Survivor=3：2，一个Survivor区占整个年轻代的1/5  </li>
<li>-XX:MaxPermSize=n:设置持久代大小</li>
<li>-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=0：设置垃圾最大年龄。  超过该年龄的对象进入老年代<br>【新生代、老年代、永久代实际上应该根据实际的应用运行情况来设置,一般建议：新/老=3/8；永久代=64m 】</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="2、栈设置"><a href="#2、栈设置" class="headerlink" title="2、栈设置"></a>2、栈设置</h4><ul>
<li>-Xss128k： 设置每个线程的堆栈大小。JDK5.0以后每个线程堆栈大小为1M，以前每个线程堆栈大小为256K。更具应用的线程所需内存大小进行调整。在相同物理内存下，减小这个值能生成更多的线程。但是操作系统对一个进程内的线程数还是有限制的，不能无限生成，经验值在3000~5000左右。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="3、收集器设置"><a href="#3、收集器设置" class="headerlink" title="3、收集器设置"></a>3、收集器设置</h4><ul>
<li>-XX:+UseSerialGC:设置串行收集器  </li>
<li>-XX:+UseParallelGC:设置并行收集器  </li>
<li>-XX:+UseParalledlOldGC:设置并行年老代收集器  <ul>
<li>-XX:ParallelGCThreads=n:设置并行收集器收集时使用的CPU数。并行收集线程数。</li>
<li>-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=n:设置并行收集最大暂停时间</li>
<li>-XX:GCTimeRatio=n:设置垃圾回收时间占程序运行时间的百分比。公式为1/(1+n)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC:设置并发收集器  <ul>
<li>-XX:+CMSIncrementalMode:设置为增量模式。适用于单CPU情况。</li>
<li>-XX:ParallelGCThreads=n:设置并发收集器年轻代收集方式为并行收集时，使用的CPU数。并行收集线程数。</li>
<li>-XX:CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction=n：由于并发收集器不对内存空间进行压缩、整理，所以运行一段时间以后会产生“碎片”，使得运行效率降低。此值设置运行多少次GC以后对内存空间进行压缩、整理。</li>
<li>-XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection：打开对年老代的压缩。可能会影响性能，但是可以消除碎片</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="4、垃圾回收统计信息"><a href="#4、垃圾回收统计信息" class="headerlink" title="4、垃圾回收统计信息"></a>4、垃圾回收统计信息</h4><ul>
<li>-XX:+PrintGC</li>
<li>-XX:+PrintGCDetails</li>
<li>-XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps</li>
<li>-XX:+PrintGCApplicationConcurrentTime:打印每次垃圾回收前，程序未中断的执行时间</li>
<li>-XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime：打印垃圾回收期间程序暂停的时间</li>
<li>-Xloggc:filename</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="5、调优总结"><a href="#5、调优总结" class="headerlink" title="5、调优总结"></a>5、调优总结</h4><p><strong>年轻代大小选择</strong>  </p>
<ul>
<li>响应时间优先的应用：尽可能设大，直到接近系统的最低响应时间限制（根据实际情况选择）。在此种情况下，年轻代收集发生的频率也是最小的。同时，减少到达年老代的对象。  </li>
<li>吞吐量优先的应用：尽可能的设置大，可能到达Gbit的程度。因为对响应时间没有要求，垃圾收集可以并行进行，一般适合8CPU以上的应用。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>老年代大小选择</strong> </p>
<ul>
<li>响应时间优先的应用：年老代使用并发收集器，所以其大小需要小心设置，一般要考虑并发会话率和会话持续时间等一些参数。如果堆设置小了，可以会造成内存碎片、高回收频率以及应用暂停而使用传统的标记清除方式；如果堆大了，则需要较长的收集时间。最优化的方案，一般需要参考以下数据获得： <ul>
<li>并发垃圾收集信息  </li>
<li>持久代并发收集次数  </li>
<li>传统GC信息  </li>
<li>花在年轻代和年老代回收上的时间比例    </li>
<li>减少年轻代和年老代花费的时间，一般会提高应用的效率  </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>吞吐量优先的应用：一般吞吐量优先的应用都有一个很大的年轻代和一个较小的年老代。原因是，这样可以尽可能回收掉大部分短期对象，减少中期的对象，而年老代尽存放长期存活对象。  </li>
</ul>
<p><strong>较小堆引起的碎片问题</strong>  </p>
<p>因为年老代的并发收集器使用标记、清除算法，所以不会对堆进行压缩。当收集器回收时，他会把相邻的空间进行合并，这样可以分配给较大的对象。但是，当堆空间较小时，运行一段时间以后，就会出现“碎片”，如果并发收集器找不到足够的空间，那么并发收集器将会停止，然后使用传统的标记、清除方式进行回收。如果出现“碎片”，可能需要进行如下配置：  </p>
<ul>
<li>-XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection：使用并发收集器时，开启对年老代的压缩。  </li>
<li>-XX:CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction=0：上面配置开启的情况下，这里设置多少次Full GC后，对年老代进行压缩</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="6、调优实战"><a href="#6、调优实战" class="headerlink" title="6、调优实战"></a>6、调优实战</h4><ul>
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